The Altai Mountains
At Mongolia's western reaches lies a wilder and more unpredictable landscape dominated by the craggy peaks of the Altai Mountain range.
A place where the nomadic lifestyle is still very much alive. Dotted throughout this vast country and its dramatic scenery are beautiful glimpses of local culture – particularly, the Naadam Festival and the Kazakh eagle hunters.
With just over two million inhabitants, Mongolia is the most sparsely populated country in the world and the sense of space is epic.
Freed from its Soviet chains traditions are strong with Buddhism slowly reasserting itself, as is the nomadic lifestyle so alien to the socialist model. Even in Ulaanbaatar half the population still live in gers, the traditional circular Mongolian tent.
Expect remote and wild panoramic scenery ranging from lush grassy steppes to craggy desert, rolling sand dunes and soaring mountains. There are few internal flights so moving around the country is either done overland using 4×4 vehicles or via one of the few internal flights. Distances are great so expect long journeys. The further west you travel, the more remote Mongolia becomes as you approach the Altai Mountains and the border with China.
Over 70% of the Mongolian population remain nomadic and travelling across the flat open steppe you will still encounter isolated family ger (yurt) encampments whose occupants will inevitably offer you hospitality. To experience the true essence of the country, spend time travelling by the traditional mode of horseback, camel or yak. The wiry little thirteen-hand ponies will seem a little small, but their stamina is legendary – they carried Genghis Khan across Asia.
A holiday to remote Mongolia used to mean staying in basic accommodation but this is no longer the case. There is now the opportunity to stay in small, private ger camps in unspoilt landscapes with modern comforts such as ensuite bathrooms, private chef, excellent guides and a support team. Ger camps can be set up in the most remote and magical locations which can range from a riverside setting to rugged desert landscape or endless grassy steppe, far from any day-trippers. They are then dismantled, leaving no evidence of their existence, ensuring these beautiful landscapes remain untarnished. Some camps work with local communities enhancing what is a truly Mongolian experience.
There are two well known festivals in Mongolia, both of which offer a fascinating and authentic insight into Mongolian culture.
Naadam Festival: Travel in July when people from all over the country flock to watch and participate in the festivities. Men and women compete in the three national sports of wrestling, archery and horse racing.
Golden Eagle Festival: In September Eagle Hunters gather in the mountainous Altai region of the country to compete with their magnificent raptors, showcasing the speed, agility and accuracy of their birds.
A selection of activities and experiences you could consider including in your holiday to Mongolia.
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British passport holders do need a visa for travel to Mongolia. Proof of travel insurance, as well as your accommodation or itinerary in Mongolia, is needed along with the completed visa application and your passport. Once obtained the visa is valid for up to 30 days within six months from the date of issue.
Flights from the UK to Ulaanbaatar operate with Aeroflot via Moscow which takes approximately 10 hours or Turkish Airlines via Istanbul which takes approximately 14 hours.
Mongolia is not a gastronomic destination and the staple cuisine is largely based around meat and milk with limited availability of vegetables or spices for local people. As a western traveller in Mongolia, you will be served a good range of western foods often including noodles, rice and pasta plus imported vegetables and fruit. Local delicacies that are certainly worth trying include mutton dumplings, noodle soups and the local tipple known as airag which is fermented mares milk.
With such vast landscapes, it can be hard to see the wildlife in Mongolia, but it is there! In Hustai National Park, around a two-hour drive from Ulaanbaatar, there are wild Przewalski horses which were once close to extinction. Throughout Mongolia, there is the chance to see small mammals such as marmot, gerbil, squirrel and Mongolian fox. Herds of Siberian ibex, deer and gazelle as well as the worlds largest wild sheep, the argali. Birdlife is extremely varied with many migratory and indigenous species including passerines, water birds and many raptors. Pallas cat is notoriously shy and hard to spot as is snow leopard which frequents the far western Altai Mountains.
The season for travel to Mongolia is very short with reliable weather only from mid-June through to September. During high season from June to August the climate should be warm and dry, possibly with some thunderstorms and a higher chance of rain in August. It is also possible to travel in May and September although the weather is more changeable and some of the traditional camps may be closed.
The time of year that you are visiting will determine the day and night time temperatures during your trip, but generally in Mongolia you can expect summer temperatures to be around 20 degrees centigrade in the mountains and dropping to around freezing or a little above at night. It can reach around 30 degrees centigrade in Ulaanbaatar during the summer and in the Gobi desert temperatures can reach 35 degrees centigrade or higher.
However, please note that particularly for women, dress can be a sensitive area. While most clothing is acceptable please bear in mind that you may feel more comfortable if you refrain from wearing short shorts or tight clothing, particularly in rural areas.
Mongolia has fewer festivals compared to its neighbouring countries. February – Tsagaan Sar – the New Year.
July – Nadaam – This is Mongolia’s most well-known festival. It is known as the eriyn gurvan naadam, after the three ‘manly sports’ of horse-racing, archery and wrestling. It takes place every year between 11-13 July in Ulaanbaatar. Naadam Festivals also take place throughout the month of July across the countryside.
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Mongolia is eight hours ahead of GMT. In the western provinces of Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs and Khovd, Mongolia is seven hours of GMT.
Approximate travel from London to Ulaanbaatar is nine hours via Moscow.
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